集群搭建方法

1.minikuber

2.kubeadm

3.二进制

4.命令行

K8S组件

控制面板Master

  1. kube-apiserver
  2. kube-controller-manager
  3. cloud-controller-manager
  4. kube-scheduler
  5. etcd

节点组件

  1. kubelet
  2. kube-proxy
  3. container tuntime

附件组件

  1. kube-dns，域名服务
  2. ingress Conttroller，外部网络
  3. Headpster，prometheus，资源监控
  4. Dashboard，控制台界面
  5. Federation，夸可用区
  6. Fluentd-elasticsearch，日志收集

分层架构

  1. ecosystem，最顶层-生态系统，
  2. interfaceLayer，接口层
  3. 管理层
  4. 应用层
  5. 核心层

专业术语

  1. 无状态应用：不会对本地环境产生依赖，例如不会存储数据的到本地磁盘，例如nginx
  2. 有状态应用：会对本地环境产生依赖，例如需要存储数据到本地磁盘，例如mysql好数据持久化的redis
  3. 资源和对象-元数据级别
    1. HPA 自动扩容缩容
    2. podTemplate，用于pod 自动伸缩扩容使用
    3. LimitRange，限定资源使用限制
  4. 资源和对象-集群
    1. namespace
    2. node
    3. clusterRole
    4. clusetrRoleBinding
  5. 资源和对象-命名空间

视频安装的版本：

K8S=1.23.6

docker=20+

1.24 之后不支持 docker

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
setenforce 0  # 临时

# 关闭swap
swapoff -a  # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久

# 关闭完swap后，一定要重启一下虚拟机！！！
# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.19.0.3 k8s-master
172.19.0.12 k8s-node1
172.19.0.11 k8s-node2
EOF


# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

sysctl --system  # 生效


# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yum install -y kubelet-1.23.6 kubeadm-1.23.6 kubectl-1.23.6

yum install -y kubelet-1.23.6 kubeadm-1.23.6 kubectl-1.23.6

systemctl enable kubelet

# 配置关闭 Docker 的 cgroups，修改 /etc/docker/daemon.json，加入以下内容
“exec-opts”: [“native.cgroupdriver=systemd”]

# 重启 docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
# 在 Master 节点下执行

kubeadm init \
      --apiserver-advertise-address=172.19.0.3 \
      --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
      --kubernetes-version v1.23.6 \
      --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
      --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

# 安装成功后，复制如下配置并执行
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
kubectl get nodes



-----------

[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 172.19.0.3:6443 --token gkd23q.4wn0brlj6j1swkji \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:690c3205c33fea3196aa5db5229d1501a4cff48ae03bcb3a17deda2d77d27081

查看历史token

kubeadm token list

Aug 19 20:27:19 k8s-node1 kubelet[13150]: E0819 20:27:19.600257 13150 server.go:205] “Failed to load kubelet config file” err=”failed to load Kubelet config file /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml, error failed to read kubelet config file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml", error: open /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml: no such file or directory” path=”/v